Vascular Occlusion (Filler Embolization)
Vascular occlusion is the most serious type of filler complications, characterized by embolization, distal ischemia, tissue necrosis and potential vision loss as a result of inadvertent entry into the arterial lumen during the injection of dermal filler material (hijaluronic acid, calcium hydroxyapatite, poly-L-lactic acid); Ophthalmic artery retrograde embolization can lead to permanent blindness, and the first 30-minute emergency management window is critical.