Category
Edema, ecchymosis, nodule, Tyndall effect, vascular occlusion, downtime — healing and complications.
10 terms
Ecchymosis is a flat, non-palpable discoloration of the skin that occurs as a result of subcutaneous blood extravasation, and is the most common soft-tissue complication in aesthetic procedures, especially after under-eye filler and periorbital botox, which resolves spontaneously in 10-14 days with the classical five-stage color transition (red-purple-blue-green-yellow).
Filler migration is the unintentional movement of dermal filler material away from the original area where it was injected over time; It is caused by a combination of mechanical factors (gravity, muscular movement, massage) and biological factors (polymer hydrophilicity, tissue elasticity, inflammatory response).
Filler nodule is a palpable, hard, mobilized mass that arises from the pathophysiological response of the tissue after the injection of dermal filler material; It is a complication divided into 3 clinical subtypes (early inflammatory nodule, late granuloma, biofilm infection). According to the Goodman 2018 algorithm, the diagnosis is determined by time, palpation features and clinical course, while treatment management includes high-dose oral antibiotics, local steroid injection, hyaluronidase reversal and rarely surgical drainage.
Hematoma is a palpable three-dimensional mass lesion that occurs when blood accumulates in a closed cavity in the subcutaneous or deeper tissues as a result of traumatic or iatrogenic damage to the vessel wall; It is a healing condition that goes through organized clot-fibrous capsule phases and is distinguished from ecchymosis after filler injection, threadlift and surgical interventions in aesthetic procedures.
Hyaluronidase injection is an enzyme injection procedure to reverse the undesirable complications of HA fillers (Tyndall effect, nodule, vascular occlusion, overfilling, misplacement, asymmetry); It includes the combination of indication, dosing algorithm, technical protocol, pre-procedural testing and multi-modal treatment for successful reversal.
Keloid is a red-purple colored, itchy and non-shrinking pathological scar that exceeds the original wound boundaries as a result of TGF-β1 overexpression, fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis imbalance and uncontrolled accumulation of type I and type III collagen during the healing process after skin injury; It is the most common irchitic dermatological condition between the ages of 10-30, with an incidence of 16% in individuals of African origin and 0.09% in whites.
Postoperative Care is a multi-component medical treatment protocol customized according to the type of procedure (botox, filler, laser, rhinoplasty, liposuction, face-lift, HIFU) that optimizes the healing process with the RICE principle (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation), analgesia management, wound care, nutrition, exercise restrictions, drug interactions and complication monitoring between 0-24 hours, 1-7 days, 1-4 weeks, 1-3 months after the aesthetic procedure. and the set of instructions given to the patient.
Swelling (Postprocedural Edema), increased vascular permeability after the aesthetic procedure, capillary fluid leakage mediated by inflammatory mediators (histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandin), hydroscopic effect of hyaluronic acid fillers and interstitial fluid accumulation as a result of lymphatic drainage impairment, temporary or prolonged tissue volume and swelling; It is a postoperative complication that is divided into pitting (fluid dominant, curable) and non-pitting (fibrotic, permanent risk), shows maximum incidence in the lip and peri-orbital regions, peaks in 48-72 hours, and resolves spontaneously in 95% within 7-14 days.
Tyndall effect is a bluish-purplish color appearance under the skin that occurs due to the physics principle that the hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injected into the superficial dermis (<2 mm) scatters short wavelengths of light (blue ray) and absorbs long wavelengths (red); It is especially seen in the tear trough, lip vermillion edge and perilabial areas.
Vascular occlusion is the most serious type of filler complications, characterized by embolization, distal ischemia, tissue necrosis and potential vision loss as a result of inadvertent entry into the arterial lumen during the injection of dermal filler material (hijaluronic acid, calcium hydroxyapatite, poly-L-lactic acid); Ophthalmic artery retrograde embolization can lead to permanent blindness, and the first 30-minute emergency management window is critical.