Read the development stage
Cell and animal studies can investigate a mechanism; they do not establish the same effect in humans. Phase I studies primarily address early safety and feasibility. Randomized controlled trials provide a comparison, while small size or short duration still leaves uncertainty.
For example, the wound study generates early safety observations while the skin study measures a short-term difference between two sides of the face. These outcomes cannot be combined into a single “success rate.”
Find the comparator and product identity
If microneedling, lasers or plant extracts were used alongside EVs, the outcome may not be attributable to EVs alone. Check what the control group received. Improvement from baseline is different from superiority over a comparator.
A meta-analysis containing many studies does not mean the preparations are equivalent. Differences in source, preparation, route and outcome can make a single pooled effect misleading.
How this portal selects sources
This first edition uses the MISEV consensus for terminology and selected human studies to illustrate application areas. It is not a systematic review. Negative and uncertain findings appear alongside positive results.
Each source card states the design and limitation; title, year and PubMed identifier match the original record. Evaluating a new paper should include preparation identity, comparator, follow-up, adverse-event reporting and whether the result supports the proposed claim.