What is glycation?
When blood sugar rises, glucose molecules tend to randomly attach to every protein they encounter. This process is not enzymatic; it is a chemical reaction. First, a reversible Schiff base forms, then Amadori products, and finally, difficult-to-reverse AGEs (Advanced Glycation End Products) form. Collagen is one of the longest-lived proteins in the body — it can last for years. Therefore, collagen is particularly vulnerable to glycation.
Glycated collagen hardens, cross-links increase, and elasticity is lost. It takes on a yellowish-pink appearance; the skin becomes "dull, with a steel-like touch, and reduced resistance to sagging." This is particularly evident in diabetics but also accumulates in healthy individuals with a chronically high-sugar diet.
Where do AGEs come from?
AGEs reach the skin in two ways: (1) internally — endogenous formation due to high blood sugar; (2) externally — exogenous AGEs in fried, roasted, and caramelized foods. Grilled meat, french fries, caramel, and white baked goods are AGE-rich foods. Boiling, steaming, and stewing are AGE-poor cooking methods.
Attention:The habit of eating sweets is the skin's "most secret ager." Wrinkles are associated with UV, but a dull, unattractive skin tone is often associated with glycation. In my clinic, patients with high sweet consumption often look older than their age.
Strategies to slow down glycation
Nutrition: low glycemic index, fiber-rich, protein-fat balanced diet. Snack sugars (packaged cakes, fruit yogurts) are the main source of AGE formation. When combined with exercise, the same carbohydrate produces a different metabolic outcome; movement keeps blood sugar stable.
Topical: carnosine and aminoguanidine are agents with anti-glycation effects in studies. Niacinamide reduces AGE formation. Some antioxidants (especially alpha-lipoic acid) provide indirect protection.
Systemic: supplements such as B1 (benfotiamine) and pyridoxamine (a B6 derivative) have been studied as AGE reducers in diabetic patients; they are used to a limited extent in aesthetic practice but can be valuable under medical supervision.
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